/*
 * @(#)Set.java        1.18 98/09/30
 *
 * Copyright 1997, 1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
 * 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is the confidential and proprietary information
 * of Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Confidential Information").  You
 * shall not disclose such Confidential Information and shall use
 * it only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement
 * you entered into with Sun.
 */

package com.novell.java.util;

/**
 * A collection that contains no duplicate elements.  More formally, sets
 * contain no pair of elements <code>e1</code> and <code>e2</code> such that
 * <code>e1.equals(e2)</code>, and at most one null element.  As implied by
 * its name, this interface models the mathematical <i>set</i> abstraction.<p>
 *
 * The <tt>Set</tt> interface places additional stipulations, beyond those
 * inherited from the <tt>Collection</tt> interface, on the contracts of all
 * constructors and on the contracts of the <tt>add</tt>, <tt>equals</tt> and
 * <tt>hashCode</tt> methods.  Declarations for other inherited methods are
 * also included here for convenience.  (The specifications accompanying these
 * declarations have been tailored to the <tt>Set</tt> interface, but they do
 * not contain any additional stipulations.)<p>
 *
 * The additional stipulation on constructors is, not surprisingly,
 * that all constructors must create a set that contains no duplicate elements
 * (as defined above).<p>
 *
 * Note: Great care must be exercised if mutable objects are used as set
 * elements.  The behavior of a set is not specified if the value of an object
 * is changed in a manner that affects equals comparisons while the object is
 * an element in the set.  A special case of this prohibition is that it is
 * not permissible for a set to contain itself as an element.
 *
 * @author  Josh Bloch
 * @version 1.18 09/30/98
 * @see Collection
 * @see List
 * @see SortedSet
 * @see HashSet
 * @see TreeSet
 * @see AbstractSet
 * @see Collections#singleton(java.lang.Object)
 * @see Collections#EMPTY_SET
 * @since JDK1.2
 */

public interface Set extends Collection {
    // Query Operations

    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this set (its cardinality).  If this
     * set contains more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, returns
     * <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
     *
     * @return the number of elements in this set (its cardinality).
     */
    int size();

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains no elements.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains no elements.
     */
    boolean isEmpty();

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains the specified element.  More
     * formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this set contains an
     * element <code>e</code> such that <code>(o==null ? e==null :
     * o.equals(e))</code>.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains the specified element.
     */
    boolean contains(Object o);

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set.  The elements are
     * returned in no particular order (unless this set is an instance of some
     * class that provides a guarantee).
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this set.
     */
    Iterator iterator();

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this set.
     * Obeys the general contract of the <tt>Collection.toArray</tt> method.
     *
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this set.
     */
    Object[] toArray();

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this set whose
     * runtime type is that of the specified array.  Obeys the general
     * contract of the <tt>Collection.toArray(Object[])</tt> method.
     *
     * @param a the array into which the elements of this set are to
     *                be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
     *                 same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.
     * @return an array containing the elements of this set.
     * @throws    ArrayStoreException the runtime type of a is not a supertype
     * of the runtime type of every element in this set.
     */
    Object[] toArray(Object a[]);


    // Modification Operations

    /**
     * Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present
     * (optional operation).  More formally, adds the specified element,
     * <code>o</code>, to this set if this set contains no element
     * <code>e</code> such that <code>(o==null ? e==null :
     * o.equals(e))</code>.  If this set already contains the specified
     * element, the call leaves this set unchanged and returns <tt>false</tt>.
     * In combination with the restriction on constructors, this ensures that
     * sets never contain duplicate elements.<p>
     *
     * The stipulation above does not imply that sets must accept all
     * elements; sets may refuse to add any particular element, including
     * <tt>null</tt>, and throwing an exception, as described in the
     * specification for <tt>Collection.add</tt>.  Individual set
     * implementations should clearly document any restrictions on the the
     * elements that they may contain.
     *
     * @param o element to be added to this set.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set did not already contain the specified
     *         element.
     * 
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>add</tt> method is not
     *                supported by this set.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
     *                prevents it from being added to this set.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some aspect of this element
     *         prevents it from being added to this set.
     */
    boolean add(Object o);


    /**
     * Removes the specified element from this set if it is present (optional
     * operation).  More formally, removes an element <code>e</code> such that
     * <code>(o==null ?  e==null : o.equals(e))</code>, if the set contains
     * such an element.  Returns <tt>true</tt> if the set contained the
     * specified element (or equivalently, if the set changed as a result of
     * the call).  (The set will not contain the specified element once the
     * call returns.)
     *
     * @param o object to be removed from this set, if present.
     * @return true if the set contained the specified element.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>remove</tt> method is
     *         not supported by this set.
     */
    boolean remove(Object o);


    // Bulk Operations

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains all of the elements of the
     * specified collection.  If the specified collection is also a set, this
     * method returns <tt>true</tt> if it is a <i>subset</i> of this set.
     *
     * @param c collection to be checked for containment in this set.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains all of the elements of the
     *                specified collection.
     */
    boolean containsAll(Collection c);

    /**
     * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set if
     * they're not already present (optional operation).  If the specified
     * collection is also a set, the <tt>addAll</tt> operation effectively
     * modifies this set so that its value is the <i>union</i> of the two
     * sets.  The behavior of this operation is unspecified if the specified
     * collection is modified while the operation is in progress.
     *
     * @param c collection whose elements are to be added to this set.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set changed as a result of the call.
     * 
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>addAll</tt> method is
     *                   not supported by this set.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of some element of the
     *                   specified collection prevents it from being added to this
     *                   set.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some aspect of some element of the
     *                  specified collection prevents it from being added to this
     *                  set.
     * @see #add(Object)
     */
    boolean addAll(Collection c);

    /**
     * Retains only the elements in this set that are contained in the
     * specified collection (optional operation).  In other words, removes
     * from this set all of its elements that are not contained in the
     * specified collection.  If the specified collection is also a set, this
     * operation effectively modifies this set so that its value is the
     * <i>intersection</i> of the two sets.
     *
     * @param c collection that defines which elements this set will retain.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this collection changed as a result of the
     *         call.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>retainAll</tt> method
     *                   is not supported by this Collection.
     * 
     * @see #remove(Object)
     */
    boolean retainAll(Collection c);


    /**
     * Removes from this set all of its elements that are contained in the
     * specified collection (optional operation).  If the specified
     * collection is also a set, this operation effectively modifies this
     * set so that its value is the <i>asymmetric set difference</i> of
     * the two sets.
     *
     * @param c collection that defines which elements will be removed from
     *          this set.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set changed as a result of the call.
     * 
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>removeAll</tt>
     *                   method is not supported by this Collection.
     * 
     * @see #remove(Object) */
    boolean removeAll(Collection c);

    /**
     * Removes all of the elements from this set (optional operation).
     * This set will be empty after this call returns (unless it throws an
     * exception).
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>clear</tt> method
     *                   is not supported by this set.
     */
    void clear();


    // Comparison and hashing

    /**
     * Compares the specified object with this set for equality.  Returns
     * <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is also a set, the two sets
     * have the same size, and every member of the specified set is
     * contained in this set (or equivalently, every member of this set is
     * contained in the specified set).  This definition ensures that the
     * equals method works properly across different implementations of the
     * set interface.
     *
     * @param o Object to be compared for equality with this set.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified Object is equal to this set.
     */
    boolean equals(Object o);

    /**
     * 
     * Returns the hash code value for this set.  The hash code of a set is
     * defined to be the sum of the hash codes of the elements in the set,
     * where the hashcode of a <tt>null</tt> element is defined to be zero.
     * This ensures that <code>s1.equals(s2)</code> implies that
     * <code>s1.hashCode()==s2.hashCode()</code> for any two sets
     * <code>s1</code> and <code>s2</code>, as required by the general
     * contract of the <tt>Object.hashCode</tt> method.
     *
     * @return the hash code value for this set.
     * @see Object#hashCode()
     * @see Object#equals(Object)
     * @see Set#equals(Object)
     */
    int hashCode();
}
