Knowledge Discovery 25.1
Knowledge Discovery Expert

# FieldText Optimizations

This section describes some of the main field properties in the Content component, and explains the memory usage and performance implications for using each for FieldText queries.

It is not always obvious which field to use, and often it is worth making compromises, depending on your limitations. For example, you might not need to optimize a particular field if users do not often search for information in that field, or if slightly slower performance is acceptable when they do. At other times, it might be acceptable to have a large number of unique indexed terms because the additional memory and disk usage is worth the improved query performance.

This page provides some general information, but as with all functionality, you must decide the best approach for your application, and test accordingly.

NOTE: The following operations are listed approximately in speed order. However, the speed of any approach depends on the data, and how you choose your fields.

The most important consideration is that Content processes the Text part of the Query before the FieldText. That is, the `Text` part of the query reduces the number of `FieldText` operations that Content must perform.

Content has some special optimizations for `FieldText`-only queries with `NumericType` and `MatchType` fields. However, in general, if most of your queries use `Text=*` with a `FieldText` operation, you are probably not getting the best possible performance from the server.

TIP: You can use the `PerformanceAnalysis` parameter for the `Query` action to check the performance of a particular query. For more information, see Improve Query Performance.

## Index Fields

The `Index` field property is intended for fields that contain prose, writing, and general human-generated content. Index fields contain information that you frequently query, and that you want to query by using operations such as exact phrase search, Wildcard search, and Boolean expressions.

The performance of this type of field depends on the number of unique terms. In practice, index fields generally have the best performance, as long as your indexed data falls within reasonable limitations. For English language content, when you index numbers, you generally expect the number of unique terms to stop increasing after a few million (depending on the number of alphanumeric values in your data).

Memory | At rest memory usage is proportional to the number of unique terms. During queries, the memory usage also depends on the size of the query terms.
Disk | Disk usage is proportional to the number of terms (that is, the number of unique terms and the number of times they occur).
Indexing | Indexing performance decreases a little as the number of unique terms gets very large.
Query | Query performance is more or less independent of the number of unique terms. Querying for a large number of terms generally has the most negative effect on performance, but querying for very common terms can also have a negative impact. Each term in the query requires two disk reads: one to get the meta information for the term, and one to get the occurrence information.

## FieldCheckType Fields

`FieldCheckType` fields are designed to be a very fast match for very frequent restrictions. You can use this type for only one field in each document, and you can match against only one value (you cannot use OR).

Memory | Memory usage is not affected by this setting.
Disk | Disk usage is not affected by this setting.
Indexing | Indexing performance is not affected by this setting.
Query | Query performance is extremely fast, and is largely unaffected by the data distribution. However, field check is faster if you use it as a fast filter in conjunction with other restrictions than as your only query restriction. For example, `action=Query&Text=*&FieldCheck=value` is not as quick as `Query&FieldText=MATCH{value}:FieldCheckField` if `FieldCheckField` is also `MatchType`.

## NumericType

The `NumericType` property is for fields that exclusively contain numbers. This property optimizes the `EQUAL`, `GREATER`, `LESS`, and `NRANGE` `FieldText` operators. It also optimizes sorting by the values in this field.

Memory | Memory usage is proportional to the number of fields, and the number of unique values in each field. You can limit the memory usage for each field by using the `NumericNormalMaxMem` field property.
Disk | Disk usage is proportional to the number of fields, and the number of unique values.
Indexing | Indexing performance generally decreases proportionally to the number of `NumericType` fields.
Query | Query performance is typically very good for an even distribution of numeric values.

## MatchType

The `MatchType` property is for fields that you query for in their entirety. This property optimizes the `MATCH` `FieldText` operator, and improves performance for the `WILD` and `STRING` operators. It also optimizes sorting by the values in this field.

The performance of this field type is highest when the values that you match against do not occur in a large number of the documents. For example, if you search for an exact match that occurs in 90% of documents, the search is not particularly fast.

Memory | Memory usage is proportional to the number of fields and the number of unique values in each field. The `MatchType` property is based on `NumericType`, which means that you can limit the memory usage for each field by using the `NumericNormalMaxMem` field property. For `MatchType` fields, this property limits the number of values that Content stores in memory. However, you cannot limit the memory usage for the mappings
Disk | Disk usage is proportional to the number of fields and the number of unique values.
Indexing | Indexing performance generally decreases proportionally to the number of `MatchType` fields.
Query | Query performance is generally fast when the values that you match against do not occur in a large proportion of the documents that you are searching.

## No Type

Any fields that do not have a specific type are ordinary fields. You can use this for fields that are not frequently queried, or when the performance does not matter.

By default, you can use any `FieldText` operation against a field without a type. The performance of non-optimized `FieldText` queries depends on the operation that you request. You can also prevent `FieldText` operations against fields that are not optimized for that operation by using the `DisallowNonOptimizedFieldText` configuration parameter.

Memory | Memory usage is not affected.
Disk | Disk usage is not affected, except for the storage of the field value.
Indexing | Indexing performance is not affected by this setting.
Query | Query performance for non-optimized `FieldText` operations depends on the operation. If you set `DisallowNonOptimizedFieldText` to `True`, you cannot perform `FieldText` operations for these fields.

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Version 25.1 | Last updated January 2025

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Product: Knowledge Discovery 25.1

Topic Title: FieldText Optimizations