Knowledge Discovery 25.1
Knowledge Discovery Expert

# Improve Query Performance

See Also: Tune Content component

This section provides some information about how to tune your Content component queries, and optimize performance.

This page describes how to find and analyze information about your query performance, and find out the stages that slow your queries down. You can then see Query Performance Considerations to find out what changes you can make to improve performance.

## Query Content

Content has many query action and configuration parameters that affect response times. In general, the server is optimized to quickly narrow the list of possible hits when it evaluates a query, but there are several areas to consider when optimizing response times for a particular situation. Content internally processes a query in various steps. You must consider each of these steps when you attempt to diagnose slow performance.

When a user sends a query, Content performs the following actions:

1. It loads the required term information from the dynterm index, including information to satisfy any wildcard terms.

2. It finds the documents containing the minimal set of required terms.

   For example, if a query is `A AND B` and `B` occurs in fewer documents, the loop needs only consider `B` initially.

3. It checks the remaining terms for the document to verify that it satisfies the Boolean expressions in the query.

4. It performs additional metadata filtering, for databases, dates, and languages.

5. It applies any FieldText and security restrictions.

6. It returns the results to the user, applying any Sort and `Combine` rules from the query.

7. It performs any additional result enrichment processing (highlight, summary, AQG).

When there are a large number of terms in the query, or when the query terms are very common, the query has a larger footprint because it matches more documents. This results in slower queries.

To analyze the query performance in more details, you can use the Content query log, with `LogLevel` set to `Full`. The following section describes the log output in more detail. You can also use query performance analysis in Knowledge Discovery Admin to view timing information for queries, or set `PerformanceAnalysis` to `True` for your `Query` to return the details in an ACI response. See PerformanceAnalysis Information for more information.

## Content Query Log Information

The following example shows a query log with `LogLevel` set to `Full`.

    01/07/2007 17:18:54 [7] /action=query&outputencoding=UTF8&xmlmeta=True&text=web administration&spellcheck=True&fieldtext=MATCH{.doc,.xls,.ppt,.mpp,.pdf,.html,.ndx}:FILETYPE&minscore=70&databasematch=InternalWiki&securityinfo=<string>&combine=SIMPLE&synonym=True&printfields=FileType&maxresults=10&totalresults=True&summary=CONTEXT&characters=300&highlight=SUMMARYTERMS&starttag=<myStartTag>
    01/07/2007 17:18:55 [7] L 51523; A 3612; F 1345; S 322; DL 0; SL 0; DT 1340738
    01/07/2007 17:18:58 [7] Returning 10 matches
    01/07/2007 17:18:58 [7] Query complete

`L` | The total number of results that this query can include. In this part of the query, Content identifies possible matches based on the terms in the Text parameter. A smaller number here generally leads to faster query times, because there are fewer documents to evaluate further. Overly expensive wildcard values (such as `text=*`), or very common terms increase this value. The fastest possible case is a single query term that appears in only one document. This is the main way that Content quickly searches through millions of documents. In the earlier log example, 51,523 documents matched the query terms.
`A` | The number of documents that still match after matching Boolean expressions in the Text parameter, and using weighting to determine whether the document has a high enough relevance to return as a result. In the earlier log example, 3,612 documents passed the basic tests such as the `MinScore` relevance value of 70%. From this example, you can see that using a relevance threshold reduces the potential results set to 7% of the initial set.
`F` | The number of documents that still match the query after metadata checks. This step includes database matching, language matching, `FieldCheck`, and so on. Using these options in a query can quickly help Content processes to narrow the results that it has to further filter or return. From the example, 1,345 documents match here. These documents must all go through the slowest part of the query loop, which includes `AgentBoolean` restrictions, security, and FieldText. `FieldText` restrictions can be slow if they include non-optimized fields, so you must consider why the server must evaluate a lot of results here. NOTE: A high value here does not necessarily indicate a problem, as long as your query runs fast enough. Even optimized queries increment this counter.
`S` | The number of documents added to the final result structure, after the slow checks. If a document is counted here, it has passed all checks. In the log example, 322 documents passed through FieldText operations for final filtering. The actual number of results that Content returns might be smaller, after taking into account the `Combine` and `MaxResults` parameters.
`DL` | The number of times that Content accessed a DLL, for example, when using mapped security. In the log example, 0 means that Content did not call any external libraries (like security) to help evaluate the query. NOTE: Not all security types require calls to the DLL for security evaluation.
`SL` | The number of times Content had to load a field from disk to sort a particular document properly, even though it was sorting on a `SortType` field. To improve this number, consider how many fields you want to sort on, and whether you can use an optimized field type. In the log example, 0 means that Content did not have to go to disk to satisfy any sorting requirements for the query.
`DT` | The number of kilobytes of dynterm data loaded. This number has an impact on performance if the server has to look up and load lots of data to return the result set. Consider the number of fields you print, the number of results, and the underlying disk I/O and bandwidth. The `DT` value is an important metric. In the log example, 1.28 GB is read from disk into memory. If the HDD reading was 100-200 MBps, this query might take several seconds to finish, regardless of later steps. NOTE: This amount of memory is expected to be free over the idle memory usage of Content. If it is not free, there might be memory swapping, which further reduces performance.

## PerformanceAnalysis Information

When you send a `Query` action with the `PerformanceAnalysis` parameter set to `True`, the ACI response includes the same count information that the query log includes.

Counter Name in PerformanceAnalysis Output | Corresponding Count in Query Log
--- | ---
`Examined` | `L`
`AddMatch` | `A`
`SlowCheck` | `F`
`AddToStructure` | `S`
`DllLoads` | `DL`
`SortLoads` | `SL`
`Term KB` | `DT`

The output for the `PerformanceAnalysis` parameter also includes counts timers for each of the sub-stages of the `Query` action. In each case, the `Count` attribute shows the number of times Content accessed data in that step. The main value in the `<autn:timer>` tag shows the amount of time that the stage took.

Timer Name | Description
--- | ---
`Nodetable` | Time spent loading nodetable data. Ideally, the `Count` value should be at most the number of documents that the query returns, and then only if you print fields. If your `Count` value is higher than that, it typically suggests that the query includes an unoptimized operation that requires Content to load the document from disk.
`Reference Nodetable` | Time spent loading the reference fields. This value depends on `MatchReference`, `StoredState`, printing of reference fields, and `Combine`.
`Wildcard` | Time spent evaluating wildcards. This stage includes a mixture of time spent in the unstemmed structure and the diskindex.
`Numeric` | Time spent evaluating numeric fields. The count shows the number of numeric fields evaluated in the query.
`Spellcheck Term` | Time spent on spelling check evaluation. There is one `Spellcheck Term` timer tag for each incorrect term.
`Diskindex` | Time spent loading term information.
`Security` | Time spent evaluating document security.
`Refindex` | Time spent processing `MatchReference`, and `StoredState` matching.
`Sort` | Time spent evaluating `SortType` fields

Related Topics

- Query Performance Considerations

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Version 25.1 | Last updated January 2025

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Product: Knowledge Discovery 25.1

Topic Title: Improve Query Performance