Knowledge Discovery 25.1
Knowledge Discovery Expert

# Use the Web Connector

The best way to ingest web content into the Content component is to use the Web Connector. As you might expect, this is one of the most widely used connectors. Read on for a step-by-step guide that demonstrates how to ingest information from a real site - Wikipedia.

## Getting Started

Web Connector is available as a ZIP package on Windows or Linux platforms.

Like all Knowledge Discovery components, you configure the Web Connector by editing its configuration file. The configuration file is named `webconnector.cfg` and is located in the `webconnector` folder.

Open the configuration file and find the `[License]` section. Check that the `LicenseServerHost` and `LicenseServerACIPort` parameters are set to the host name and ACI port of your License Server.

Next, scroll down to the `[FetchTasks]` section. Rename the default fetch task from `[MyTask]` to `[Wikipedia]` because that is the site we want to crawl. You can give the task any name, but it is used in action commands and responses, and is written to the logs, so it helps to clearly describe the task.

    [FetchTasks]
    SSLMethod=SSLV23
    Number=1
    0=Wikipedia

    [Wikipedia]

The `[Wikipedia]` section is where you will add the configuration parameters that set up the task.

In an enterprise environment, you have probably installed the connector on a machine that is behind a proxy server. The connector has to send requests to the proxy, which makes them in place of the connector machine and returns the results. The easiest way to set the address of the proxy server is with the `ProxyHost` and `ProxyPort` parameters.

    ProxyHost=proxy.example.com
    ProxyPort=8080

Your environment might provide a proxy automatic configuration (`.pac`) script, especially if your organization has complex requirements and many proxy servers. Instead of setting `ProxyHost` and `ProxyPort`, configure the connector to use the script by setting the parameter `ProxyAutoConfigurationUrl`.

    ProxyAutoConfigurationUrl=http://proxy.example.com/proxy.pac

## Choose the Starting Point

The Web Connector can crawl a web site in several ways:

- The connector can start from a page and follow links to other pages, until it has exhausted all the links that satisfy your criteria. You must specify the URL of the page to start from using the `Url` parameter.
- The connector can ingest all the pages on a sitemap. A sitemap is an XML document that contains a list of pages for web crawlers to retrieve. Using a site map is often the best option, if there is one, because the connector retrieves the pages suggested by the site administrator. A site map might include pages that are not accessible by following links, and using a site map also makes it easier to configure the fetch task. To ingest a site in this way, you must specify the URL of the site map using the `SitemapUrl` parameter.
- The connector can ingest every page from a list of URLs. You must specify the URLs. This is not practical for large sites such as Wikipedia.

In this case we will configure the connector to follow links. Index pages are usually a good starting point, but entries in an encyclopedia contain many links to other entries, so you can probably start from any page and given sufficient time the connector will crawl the entire site.

Choose a page to start from and specify the URL by setting the `Url` parameter.

    Url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON

Wikipedia contains links to external sites, so unless you want to start crawling the entire web it is a good idea to restrict the connector to just one site.

    StayOnSite=TRUE

When `StayOnSite=TRUE` the connector does not follow links to other sites, including other sub-domains of the same site. For example, the connector does not follow links to `https://fr.wikipedia.org`.

## Select the Content to Crawl and Ingest

One of the most important (and difficult) parts of configuring your Web Connector is selecting what content to crawl and ingest into the Content component.

When you visit a website, you can quickly focus on whatever parts of the site you consider important, and ignore the rest. There are pages on Wikipedia that explain how to use the site or describe the history of the entries in the encyclopedia. It is best not to ingest these pages because the content will pollute the results of queries, and affect other Knowledge Discovery operations that your users run.

There are also pages that you should prevent the connector from interacting with. It is important to be careful when crawling a site, because the connector can follow every hyperlink on a page. For example, if you are crawling Wikipedia you do not want the connector to follow "Edit" links and edit pages. If you are crawling an e-commerce site to run sentiment analysis on product reviews, you do not want the connector to follow the "Add to cart" links and try to buy everything.

Fortunately, the Web Connector has configuration parameters that you can set to meet these requirements. The connector follows the robot exclusion standard by default, but you can configure this by setting the parameter `FollowRobotProtocol`. This is a standard used by many web sites to instruct web crawlers to ignore certain pages. The rules defined in a site's `robots.txt` might exclude some of the pages that you want to avoid and following the standard is recommended in most cases.

In most cases you also need to exclude further pages, which you can do using the parameters `SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex` and `SpiderUrlCantHaveRegex`. The connector only crawls and ingests a page if its full URL matches the regular expression set by the parameter `SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex`, and does not match the regular expression set by the parameter `SpiderUrlCantHaveRegex`.

It is often much easier to set these parameters if you consult with the administrator of the site that you are ingesting. They might be able to reveal an easy way to filter out the pages that you do not want.

Here are the URLs of some example entries on Wikipedia:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_data_structure

These URLs are examples of pages that you want to exclude:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_HTTP_header_fields&action=edit
    https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer&action=history
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About

The URLs for the encyclopedia entries all look similar, so you can write a regular expression to match these, but not match links to the edit and history pages. However, some of the other pages that we want to ignore have URLs that are similar to the encyclopedia articles. In this case, disallowing the colon character (`:`) should exclude these pages. There are regular expression testers on the web that you can use to help build and test your regular expressions.

    SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex=https://en\.wikipedia\.org/wiki/[A-Za-z0-9_]*

This regular expression is relatively restrictive, but it is much safer to start with something like this and miss pages that you want to ingest, than to start with a regular expression that matches too much. With the `SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex` parameter set in this way the connector only crawls and ingests pages with URLs that start with `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/`, followed by zero or more characters that match an upper or lower case letter, a number, or an underscore.

You can use the parameters `LinkElementMustHaveRegex` and `LinkAttributes` to follow only certain types of hyperlinks (for example `<a href="...">`) in the page source. `LinkElementMustHaveRegex` is set as a regular expression and `LinkAttributes` accepts a comma-separated list of attribute names.

    LinkElementMustHaveRegex=^a$
    LinkAttributes=href

The connector can also accept or reject pages based on the `Content-Type` header that is returned with the page. This a good way to filter out certain types of content, such as scripts. The `ContentTypeCantHaveRegex` and `ContentTypeMustHaveRegex` parameters are also set as regular expressions. The following example is a good starting point that attempts to filter out stylesheets, XML, and javascript files:

    ContentTypeCantHaveRegex=(application|text)/(javascript|xml|x-javascript|css)(;.*)?

The connector restricts the pages that are ingested based on page size and number of links, but some of the encyclopedia entries are quite long and link to many other pages. So, in this case, remove the limits on page size and the maximum number of links by setting these parameters to zero:

    MinPageSize=0
    MaxPageSize=0
    MaxLinksPerPage=0

It is usually a good idea to remove the content of `<script>` and `<noscript>` elements from pages before they are ingested. This does not affect the behavior of Web Connector as it crawls the site, but removing this content improves the quality of the information that is indexed into Content.

    RemoveNoscripts=TRUE
    RemoveScripts=TRUE

Removing `<script>` elements improves the quality of the information because scripts do not contain any conceptual information that Content can use. Your end-users are interested in the content of a page, not the scripts used to generate it. The `<noscript>` element might contain duplicate content or just a statement such as "Your browser does not support JavaScript".

For a full list of the configuration parameters you can use to select or reject content, refer to the Web Connector Reference.

## Consider Other Users

Before crawling a Web site, consider the impact the connector will have. Avoid putting too much load on the target site, because this could degrade the experience of other users. If you ingest content too rapidly, the site administrator might decide to block your requests in future - and if your connector makes requests through a company proxy, your entire organization could be blocked.

By default, the connector uses five threads for running a synchronize task. This means that it can request five pages at once. It also processes those pages and follows links much faster than a human visitor. The number of threads to use is specified by the parameter `SynchronizeThreads`. If you want the connector to wait between requests, you can set the `PageDelay` parameter. For example, setting `PageDelay=1s` leaves a second between each request, but because the connector is using five threads this results in up to five requests per second.

    SynchronizeThreads=5
    PageDelay=1s

## Set Parameters to Help in Testing

You can add some parameters to the task configuration to help as you set up the connector.

You probably do not want to wait for the connector to crawl all of Wikipedia just to see whether the configuration is reasonable, so restrict the number of pages that are processed by setting the parameters `Depth` and `MaxPages`. `Depth` specifies the number of links to follow from the starting point. For example, if you set `Depth=2` the connector can ingest any page that can be reached by clicking two links from the starting point. `MaxPages` specifies the maximum number of pages to ingest each time you run the synchronize task.

    Depth=2
    MaxPages=50

It is also useful to see the pages that the connector is ingesting. You can achieve this by setting `IngestKeepFiles=TRUE`. This instructs the connector to keep the pages it has downloaded in its temporary folder, rather than deleting them as soon as they have been ingested.

You probably do not want to keep track of the pages that are processed while you are optimizing the configuration, so set `SynchronizeKeepDatastore=FALSE`, which instructs the connector to delete the datastore at the end of the synchronize task. In a production environment, set this to `TRUE`, so that the connector keeps track of the work it has done and does not ingest the same pages again unless they have changed.

You can configure logging for Web Connector in the same way as other Knowledge Discovery components, by modifying the settings in the `[Logging]` section of the configuration file. The connector writes messages about the pages it crawls to the `synchronize` log stream. The default configuration saves these messages to a file named `synchronize.log`, in the `logs` directory. While configuring the connector it helps to have as much information as possible, so set the parameter `LogLevel` to `Full`.

    [Logging]
    LogLevel=Full

This produces verbose logs. In production you can optimize performance by reducing the log level to `Normal`.

## Check your Configuration

The completed fetch task now looks something like this:

    [Wikipedia]
    ProxyHost=proxy.example.com
    ProxyPort=8080

    Url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON
    StayOnSite=TRUE

    FollowRobotProtocol=TRUE
    SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex=https://en\.wikipedia\.org/[A-Za-z0-9_]*
    LinkElementMustHaveRegex=^a$
    LinkAttributes=href
    ContentTypeCantHaveRegex=(application|text)/(javascript|xml|x-javascript|css)(;.*)?
    MinPageSize=0
    MaxPageSize=0
    MaxLinksPerPage=0

    RemoveNoscripts=TRUE
    RemoveScripts=TRUE

    SynchronizeThreads=5
    PageDelay=1s

    // Increase or remove depth limit before going into production
    Depth=2

    // Remove these settings before going into production
    MaxPages=50
    IngestKeepFiles=TRUE
    SynchronizeKeepDatastore=FALSE

## Start the Connector

The next step is to start the connector. Start the connector in the same way as other Knowledge Discovery components, by running the executable file or starting its service. For more information about starting and stopping components, refer to the Knowledge Discovery Getting Started Guide.

Unless you have altered the default schedule defined the configuration file, the connector starts running the task immediately. If you have disabled scheduled tasks, start the task using the `fetch` action:

    http://host:7006/action=fetch&fetchaction=synchronize&tasksections=Wikipedia

To discover the status of the task, use the `QueueInfo` action:

    http://host:7006/action=queueinfo&queueaction=getstatus&queuename=fetch

When the task has finished the response looks similar to this:

Copy

    <autnresponse>
      <action>QUEUEINFO</action>
      <response>SUCCESS</response>
      <responsedata>
        <actions>
          <action>
            <status>Finished</status>
            <queued_time>2016-Nov-18 14:22:27</queued_time>
            <time_in_queue>0</time_in_queue>
            <process_start_time>2016-Nov-18 14:22:27</process_start_time>
            <time_processing>94</time_processing>
            <process_end_time>2016-Nov-18 14:24:01</process_end_time>
            <documentcounts>
              <documentcount added="50" errors="0" ingestadded="50" seen="58" task="WIKIPEDIA"/>
            </documentcounts>
            <fetchaction>SYNCHRONIZE</fetchaction>
            <tasks>
              <success>WIKIPEDIA</success>
            </tasks>
            <tasksection>Wikipedia</tasksection>
            <token>...</token>
          </action>
        </actions>
      </responsedata>
    </autnresponse>

The task has ingested 50 pages because we set `MaxPages=50`.

## Optimize the Configuration

After the fetch task has finished, stop the connector and examine the synchronize log. You can find the log files in the connector's `logs` directory.

Search the synchronize log for `WKOOP:Loading Page` to find the pages the connector has processed. These messages are logged only when `LogLevel=Full`.

    WKOOP:Loading Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON
    WKOOP:Loading Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_data_structure
    WKOOP:Loading Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64
    WKOOP:Loading Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing
    WKOOP:Loading Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database

Similarly, search for `Url rejected` to find the pages that the connector has rejected (shown here over multiple lines for readability), and the reasons why they were rejected:

    Url rejected due to robot protocol:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JSON&action=edit&section=11

    Url rejected due to robot protocol:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=JSON

    Url rejected due to SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:JSON

    Url rejected due to SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)

    Url rejected due to SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute–value_pair

We want to reject some of these pages but the last two have been rejected unnecessarily. At this point you can go back to the configuration file and modify the task, particularly the parameters that specify which pages to crawl and ingest. For example, you might allow additional characters at the end of the URL (after `/wiki/`), but still exclude the colon character:

    SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex=https://en\.wikipedia\.org/wiki/[^:]*

If you start the connector and run the task again, you should find that the connector processes pages that were rejected before. The following page was rejected because its URL contains parentheses, but it is now crawled and ingested:

    WKOOP:Loading Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)

In the task configuration, we set `IngestKeepFiles=TRUE`, so look in the connector's `temp` directory to see the pages that were downloaded.

## Conclusion

Hopefully this guide has provided some useful insights into a real configuration. The `[FetchTasks]` and task sections from the completed configuration are included below:

    [FetchTasks]
    SSLMethod=SSLV23
    Number=1
    0=Wikipedia

    [Wikipedia]
    ProxyHost=proxy.example.com
    ProxyPort=8080

    Url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON
    StayOnSite=TRUE

    FollowRobotProtocol=TRUE
    SpiderUrlMustHaveRegex=https://en\.wikipedia\.org/[^:]*
    LinkElementMustHaveRegex=^a$
    LinkAttributes=href
    ContentTypeCantHaveRegex=(application|text)/(javascript|xml|x-javascript|css)(;.*)?
    MinPageSize=0
    MaxPageSize=0
    MaxLinksPerPage=0

    RemoveNoscripts=TRUE
    RemoveScripts=TRUE

    SynchronizeThreads=5
    PageDelay=1s
    Depth=5

In the finished configuration, the `Depth` parameter has been increased to `5`. The `MaxPages` parameter has been removed, so the connector uses the default maximum of `2000` pages. If you are crawling a large site and want to retrieve every page you can set this parameter to a higher value.

There are several things you could do to make this configuration even better, for example:

- Configure clipping, to improve the quality of the information that the connector indexes into the Content component.
- Configure thumbnail rendering, so that front-end applications can display a thumbnail image of the page when displaying query results.

Copyright 2024 Open Text
Version 25.1 | Last updated January 2025

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Product: Knowledge Discovery 25.1

Topic Title: Use the Web Connector