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The PERFORM statement is used to transfer control explicitly to one or more procedures and to return control implicitly whenever execution of the specified procedure is complete.
The PERFORM statement is also used to control execution of one or more imperative statements which are in the scope of that PERFORM statement.
See also the section The EXIT Statement earlier in this chapter.
When imperative-statement-1 is specified, the END-PERFORM phrase is optional.
Procedure-name-1 and imperative-statement-1 may both be omitted.
Six AFTER phrases are permitted in Format 4 of the PERFORM statement.
This limit is raised to fifteen.
when procedure-name-1 is omitted, the PERFORM statement is referred to as an in-lin e PERFORM statement.
or contained in the PERFORM statement itself for an in-line PERFORM statement
are referred to as the specified set of statements.
During execution of the PERFORM statement, reference to identifier-1 cannot alter the number of times the specified set of statements is to be executed from that which was indicated by the initial value of the data item referenced by identifier-1.
Integer-1 must be zero or positive, but it may be signed.
and the TEST BEFORE phrase is specified or implied,
no transfer to procedure-name-1 takes place, and control is passed to the end of the PERFORM statement.
If the TEST AFTER phrase is specified, the PERFORM statement functions as if the TEST BEFORE phrase were specified except that the condition is tested after the specified set of statements has been executed. Any subscripting or reference modification associated with the operands specified in condition-1 is evaluated each time the condition is tested.
When UNTIL EXIT is specified, the specified set of statements is performed repeatedly until some statement in the set causes this repetition to end. In the case of an out-of-line PERFORM, the only statements that will cause this termination are statements such as EXIT PROGRAM and STOP RUN. In the case of an in-line PERFORM, the repetition can also be terminated by the EXIT PERFORM statement and the GO TO statement.
If index-name-1 is specified, the value of identifier-3, index-name- 2, or literal-1 at the beginning of the execution of the PERFORM statement must correspond to an occurrence number of an element in the table associated with index-name-1. If index-name-3 is specified, the value of identifier-6, index-name-4, or literal-3 at the beginning of the execution of the PERFORM statement must correspond to an occurrence number of an element in the table associated with index-name-3.
Subsequent augmentation, as described below, of index-name-1 or index-name-3 must not result in the associated index being set to a value outside the range of the table associated with index-name-1 or index-name-3; except that, at the completion of the PERFORM statement, the index associated with index-name-1 can contain a value that is outside the range of the associated table by one increment or decrement value.
If identifier-2 or identifier-5 is subscripted, the subscripts are evaluated each time the content of the data item referenced by the identifier is set or augmented. If identifier-3, identifier-4, identifier-6, or identifier-7 is subscripted, the subscripts are evaluated each time the content of the data item referenced by the identifier is used in a setting or augmenting operation. Any subscripting or reference modification associated with the operands specified in condition-1 or condition-2 is evaluated each time the condition is tested.
Representations of the actions of several types of Format 4 PERFORM statements are given on the following pages.
When the data item referenced by one identifier is varied, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is set to literal-1 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-3 at the point of initial execution of the PERFORM statement; then, if the condition of the UNTIL phrase is false, the specified set of statements is executed once. The value of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is augmented by the specified increment or decrement value (literal-2 or the value of the data item referenced by identifier-4) and condition-1 is evaluated again. The cycle continues until this condition is true, at which point control is transferred to the end of the PERFORM statement. If condition-1 is true at the beginning of execution of the PERFORM statement, control is transferred to the end of the PERFORM statement.
Figure 15-1: The VARYING Option of a PERFORM
Statement with the TEST BEFORE Phrase Having One Condition
When the data items referenced by two identifiers are varied, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is set to literal-1 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-3 and then the content of the data item referenced by identifier-5 is set to literal-3 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-6.
After the contents of the data items referenced by the identifiers have been set, condition-1 is evaluated; if true, control is transferred to the end of the PERFORM statement; if false, condition-2 is evaluated. If condition-2 is false, the specified set of statements is executed once, then the content of the data item referenced by identifier-5 is augmented by literal-4 or the content of the data item referenced by identifier-7 and condition-2 is evaluated again.
Figure 15-2: The VARYING Option of a PERFORM
Statement with the TEST BEFORE Phrase Having Two Conditions
This cycle of evaluation and augmentation continues until this condition is true. When condition-2 is true, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is augmented by literal-2 or the content of the data item referenced by identifier-4, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-5 is set to literal-3 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-6, and condition-1 is reevaluated. The PERFORM statement is completed if condition-1 is true; if not, the cycle continues until condition-1 is true.
At the termination of the PERFORM statement, the data item referenced by identifier-5 contains literal-3 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-6. The data item referenced by identifier-2 contains a value that exceeds the last used setting by one increment or decrement value, unless condition-1 was true when the PERFORM statement was entered, in which case the data item referenced by identifier-2 contains literal-1 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-3.
When the data item referenced by one identifier is varied, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is set to literal-1 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-3 at the point of execution of the PERFORM statement; then the specified set of statements is executed once and condition-1 of the UNTIL phrase is tested. If the condition is false, the value of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is augmented by the specified increment or decrement value (literal-2 or the value of the data item referenced by identifier-4) and the specified set of statements is executed again. The cycle continues until condition-1 is tested and found to be true, at which point control is transferred to the end of the PERFORM statement.
When the data items referenced by two identifiers are varied, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is set to literal-1 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-3; then the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-5 is set to literal-3 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-6; and the specified set of statements is then executed. Condition-2 is then evaluated; if false, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-5 is augmented by literal-4 or the content of the data item referenced by identifier-7 and the specified set of statements is again executed. The cycle continues until condition-2 is again evaluated and found to be true, at which time condition-1 is evaluated. If false, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is augmented by literal-2 or the content of data item referenced by identifier-4, the content of the data item referenced by identifier-5 is set to literal-3 or the current value of the data item referenced by identifier-6 and the specified set of statements is again executed. This cycle continues until condition-1 is again evaluated and found to be true, at which time control is transferred to the end of the PERFORM statement.
Figure 15-3: The VARYING Option of a PERFORM
Statement with the TEST AFTER Phrase Having One Condition
After completion of the PERFORM statement, each data item varied by an AFTER or VARYING phrase contains the same value it contained at the end of the most recent execution of the specified set of statements. See Figure 15-4.
Figure 15-4: The VARYING Option of a PERFORM
Statement with a TEST AFTER Phrase Having Two Conditions
During the execution of the specified set of statements associated with the PERFORM statement, any change to the VARYING variable (the data item referenced by identifier-2 and index-name-1), the BY variable (the data item referenced by identifier-4), the AFTER variable (the data item referenced by identifier-5 and index-name-3), or the FROM variable (the data item referenced by identifier-3 and index-name-2) will be taken into consideration and will affect the operation of the PERFORM statement.
When the data items referenced by two identifiers are varied, the data item referenced by identifier-5 goes through a complete cycle (FROM, BY, UNTIL) each time the content of the data item referenced by identifier-2 is varied. When the contents of three or more data items referenced by identifiers are varied, the mechanism is the same as for two identifiers except that the data item being varied by each AFTER phrase goes through a complete cycle each time the data item being varied by the preceding AFTER phrase is augmented.
These restrictions are not enforced. PERFORM statements can be freely nested, and recursion (a PERFORM statement performing a procedure containing it) is allowed. Only the exit point of the innermost PERFORM statement currently being executed is recognized. These rules can be changed by use of the PERFORM-TYPE Compiler directive.
See the following illustrations for examples of legal PERFORM constructs.
These restrictions do not apply.
These restrictions do not apply.
For sequential access, the READ statement makes available the next
logical record from a file. For random access, the READ statement makes available a specified record from a mass storage file.
This restriction has been removed.
The storage area associated with identifier and the storage area which is the record area associated with file-name must not be the same storage area.
This rule is not enforced.
phrases must be specified for files in dynamic access mode when records are to be retrieved sequentially.
Data-name may also be a redefinition of a data-item specified as a record key associated with a file-name, provided the data-name has the same length as that data-item.
The redefinition may have a different length from the record key.
When the
AT END condition occurs, the execution of the
READ statement is unsuccessful.
However if the previous statement was a READ, and if that READ returned a locked record status, the file position indicator is left unchanged. The record pointed to by the file position indicator is made available.
sequential files or
files in sequential access mode, the NEXT phrase is optional and has no effect on the execution of the READ statement.
The NOT AT END phrase is only executed following successful completion of the operation.
the next Format 3 READ statement, if any, executed for that file must be a READ NEXT statement, if AT END occurred because no previous logical record existed. Otherwise
the AT END condition must be followed by:
as described in General Rule 8.
if the file position indicator was positioned by the execution of the START or OPEN statement and the record is still accessible through the path indicated by the file position indicator, the record pointed to by the file position indicator is made available. If the record is no longer accessible, which can have been caused for a relative file by deletion of the record, or for an indexed file by a change in an alternate key, the file position indicator is updated to point to the next
or, if the PREVIOUS option is specified, the previous
existing record within the established key of reference, and that record is then made available.
or, if the PREVIOUS option is specified, the previous
existing record in the file.
However, if the previous statement was a READ, and if that READ returned a locked record status, the file position indicator is left unchanged. The record pointed to by the file position indicator is made available.
or split-key-name
is established as the key of reference for this retrieval. If dynamic access mode is specified, this key of reference is also used for retrievals by any subsequent executions of Format 3 READ statements for the file until a different key of reference is established for the file.
The RELEASE statement transfers records to the initial phase of a SORT operation.
record-name and identifier must not reference the same storage area.
The RETURN statement obtains either sorted records from the final phase of a SORT operation or merged records during a MERGE operation.
and the NOT AT END phrase if specified is ignored.
When the at end condition occurs, execution of the RETURN statement is unsuccessful and the contents of the record area associated with file-name are undefined. After the execution of imperative-statement-1 in the AT END phrase, no RETURN statement can be executed as part of the current output procedure.
The REWRITE statement logically replaces a record existing in a disk file.
record-name and identifier must not reference the same storage area.
However, it can be specified for an indexed file in sequential access mode.
MOVE identifier TO record-name
followed by the execution of the same REWRITE statement without the FROM phrase. The contents of the record area prior to the execution of the implicit MOVE statement have no effect on the execution of the REWRITE statement.
Note: We recommend that you do not use the REWRITE statement on compressed sequential files because a REWRITE operation will only succeed if the length of the compressed new record is the same as the length of the compressed old record.
The updating operation will not take place and the data in the record area will be unaffected. (See the section The INVALID KEY Condition in this chapter.)
The ROLLBACK statement releases all record locks in all files held by this run unit. For COBOL systems that support the WITH...ROLLBACK clause of the SELECT statement as other than documentary, the ROLLBACK statement indicates the end of the current transaction and the effects of that transaction are cancelled.
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